BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY : AFRICAN AMERICAN FUGITIVE SLAVE - SHADRACH MINKINS : GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK GENIUS "

                              BLACK               SOCIAL         HISTORY                                                                                                                                                          Shadrach Minkins  1814? - December 13, 1875 was an African American fugitive slave. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, Minkins escaped in 1850 to Boston, Massachusetts. He was captured and held under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 that was intended to return slaves to their owners. He was saved by Boston abolitionists and then settled and raised a family in Montreal.
  

Minkins was born into slavery in Norfolk, Virginia.
He escaped from slavery in 1850 to settle in Boston, Massachusetts, where he became a waiter. Later that year, Congress enacted the Fugitive Slave Law, which allowed federal agents to seize escaped slaves living in free states and return them to their owners.
United States marshals, who posed as customers at Taft’s Cornhill Coffee House where Minkins worked, arrested him on February 15, 1851.

Writ of habeas corpus

Minkins was taken to a hearing at the Boston courthouse. Attorneys, including Samuel E. Sewall, Ellis Gray Loring, Robert Morris and Richard Henry Dana, Jr., offered their services to defend Minkins. Seeking to have Minkins released from custody, they filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus with the Supreme Judicial Court, which was refused by Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw.
Edward G. Walker, Robert Morris and Lewis Hayden collaborated to obtain Shadrach's release. He was rescued by white and black members of the anti-slavery Boston Vigilance Committee, including Hayden, who entered the courtroom and used force to take Minkins from the marshals. He was hidden in an attic in Beacon Hill. Minkins escaped Massachusetts with the help of John J. Smith, Lewis Hayden and others. Nine abolitionists were indicted, charges were dismissed for some of the individuals. Morris and Hayden were tried and acquitted.

BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY : AFRICAN AMERICAN BRIGADIER GENERAL RUFUS J. SMITH OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY : GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK GENIUS "

Major GeneVVral Matthew L. Kam bic, the Ohio Army National Guard’s assistant adjutant general, right,  annd Colonel Rufus J. Smith, the 174th ADA Brigade commander, unfurl the unit colors.

Columbus, Ohio – On Sunday, 2 November 2008, the 174th Air Defense Artillery (ADA) Brigade became America’s newest ADA brigade at an activation ceremony at the Defense Supply Center in Columbus, Ohio.      The Ohio Army National Guard (ARNG) was authorized to form the 174th ADA Brigade on 1 September 2006 as a result of the realignment of ADA units in the Army National Guard (ARNG). Once authorized, the brigade started its organization process and was officially activated on 1 September 2008.      Major General Gregory Wayt, the Adjutant General of Ohio, was the keynote speaker at the ceremony.  “This is a great day for the Air Defense Artillery branch,” said Wayt, “as we officially welcome the seventh Air Defense Artillery brigade in the United States Army.”        The activation ceremony is an old Army tradition.  It serves two purposes.  First, it allows the commander the opportunity to assess the readiness and discipline of the unit.  Second, the uncasing of the colors marks a definite point-in-time to commemorate the beginning of a unit’s history and lineage. BLACK    SOCIAL   HISTORY        Colonel Rufus J. Smith, Commander, 174th ADA Brigade addressed the crowd of Soldiers, dignitaries, subordinate unit commanders and command sergeants major, and other guests.  “It has  taken a lot of hard work and support from everyone on the team to make this day a reality,” Smith said.  “Today marks the first step of a long journey ahead.  We are excited about the future and no one is going to work harder than our brigade.  This organization is invincible.”        The brigade is made up of approximately 2,400 Soldiers and provides command and control for four Ohio-based subordinate battalions.  These subordinate units are the 1st Battalion, 174th ADA, headquartered in Woodlawn; the 2-174th ADA, headquartered in McConnelsville; the 1-145th Armor Battalion out of Stow; and the 2-107th Cavalry Squadron in Hamilton.         Among the distinguished guest attending the ceremony were Mr. Michael Dustman, representing US Senator George Boinovich; Mr. Joe Wieder, representing US Senator Sherrod Brown; Ms. Rachel Elsea, representing US Congressman Dave Hobson; Major General Matthew Kambic, Assistant Adjutant General of Ohio; Major General Herbert Newton, Commander, 263rd Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC) of the South Carolina ARNG; Major General Todd Carmony, Commander, 38th Infantry Division; Brigadier General Patricia McQuistion, Commander, Defense Supply Center Columbus (DSCC); Brigadier General Glenn Hammond; Commander, 16th Engineer Brigade; and Command Sergeant Major Bill Gilliam, Ohio ARNG Command Sergeant

BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY : AFRICAN AMERICAN BRIGADIER GENERAL RENWICK PAYNE OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY : GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK GENIUS "

RENWICK L. PAYNE
BRIGADIER GENERAL, DCARNG
Adjutant General
Brigadier General Renwick L Payne is the Adjutant General, Joint Force Headquarters, District of Columbia National Guard. General Payne enlisted in 1974 and received his commission as a Second Lieutenant of Field Artillery on 17 August 1979. He holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Governors State University, Illinois. He is affiliated with the National Guard Association of the United States the Militia Association of New York, Association of the United States Army and the 369th Historical society. General Payne was assigned to the National Guard Bureau in October 1993 as a New York National Guardsman. He served as military assistant to the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, Executive Officer to the Director, Army National Guard, G3/Operations Officer Army National Guard, Chief of Staff, Army National Guard and the to the Global War on Terrorism Operational Assistant to the Director of the Army National Guard. Most recently General Payne served as Assistant Adjutant General - Army, New York National Guard.
EDUCATION:

• 1998 Governor's State University, Bachelor of Arts, University Park, Illinois
• 2002 United States Army War College, Fellowship, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, District of Columbia
• 2010 Joint Task Force Commanders Training Course, Colorado Springs, Colorado