BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY
Julian Bond
| BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY |
| Julian Bond | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Julian Bond (Jim Wallace, 2001) | |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 32nd district | |
| In office 1967–1974 | |
| Succeeded by | Mildred Glover[1] |
| Member of the Georgia Senate from the 39th district | |
| In office 1975–1987 | |
| Preceded by | Horace T. Ward[2] |
| Succeeded by | Hildred W. Shumake[3] |
| Chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | |
| In office 1998–2010 | |
| Preceded by | Myrlie Evers-Williams |
| Succeeded by | Roslyn Brock |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Horace Julian Bond January 14, 1940 Nashville, Tennessee, USA |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Alice Clopton (1961–1989, divorced) Pamela S. Horowitz (1990–present) |
| Alma mater | George School
Morehouse College (BA, English, 1971)
|
Horace Julian Bond (born January 14, 1940), known as Julian BOND
, is an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor, and writer. While a student at More house College in Atlanta, Georgia, during the early 1960's, he helped to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
, is an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor, and writer. While a student at More house College in Atlanta, Georgia, during the early 1960's, he helped to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
He was the first president of the Southern Poverty Law Center. Bond was elected to four terms in the Georgia House of Representatives and later to six terms in the Georgia Senate, having served a combined twenty years in both legislative chambers. From 1998 to 2010, he was chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Early life and education
Bond was born at Hubbard Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee to parents Julia Agnes (Washington) and Horace Mann Bond. His father Horace was a university educator.[4] His mother Julia was a former librarian at Clark Atlanta University.[5] At the time, the family resided on campus at Fort Valley State College, where Horace was president. The house of the Bonds was a frequent stop for scholars and activists and celebrities passing by, such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Paul Robeson. In 1945 his father was offered the position as the first African-American president of Lincoln University, and the family moved North.[6]
In 1957, Bond graduated from George School, a private Quaker preparatory boarding school near Newtown in Bucks County,Pennsylvania.[7]
Political organizing
On April 17, 1960, Bond helped co-found the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).[8] He served as the communications director of the SNCC from January 1961 to September 1966, where he traveled around Georgia, Alabama,Mississippi, and Arkansas to help organize civil rights and voter registration drives. Bond left Morehouse College in 1961 to work on civil rights in the South.[9] From 1960 to 1963, he led student protests against segregation in public facilities and the Jim Crow laws of Georgia.
He returned in 1971 at AGE 31 to complete his Bachelor of Arts in English.[10] With Morris Dees, Bond helped found the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), a public-interest law firm based in Montgomery, Alabama.[11] He served as its president from 1971 to 1979.[12] Bond CONTINUES to serve on the board of directors of the SPLC.[13]
31 to complete his Bachelor of Arts in English.[10] With Morris Dees, Bond helped found the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), a public-interest law firm based in Montgomery, Alabama.[11] He served as its president from 1971 to 1979.[12] Bond CONTINUES to serve on the board of directors of the SPLC.[13]Career
In 1965, Bond was one of eleven African Americans elected to the Georgia House of Representatives after passage of the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act of 1965 had opened voter registration to blacks. By ending the disfranchisement of blacks through discriminatory voter registration, African Americans regained their ability to vote and entered the political process.[14] On January 10, 1966, Georgia state representatives voted 184-12 not to seat him because he had publicly endorsed SNCC's policy regarding opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.[15] They disliked BOND'S stated sympathy for persons who were "unwilling to respond to a military draft".[16] A three judge panel on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ruled in 2-1 decision that the Georgia House had not violated any of Bond's constitutional rights. In 1966, the United States Supreme Court ruled 9-0 in the case of Bond v. Floyd (385 U.S. 116) that the Georgia House of Representatives had denied Bond his freedom of speech and was required to seat him. From 1967 to 1975, Bond was elected to four terms as a Democratic member in the Georgia House. There he organized the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus.
stated sympathy for persons who were "unwilling to respond to a military draft".[16] A three judge panel on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ruled in 2-1 decision that the Georgia House had not violated any of Bond's constitutional rights. In 1966, the United States Supreme Court ruled 9-0 in the case of Bond v. Floyd (385 U.S. 116) that the Georgia House of Representatives had denied Bond his freedom of speech and was required to seat him. From 1967 to 1975, Bond was elected to four terms as a Democratic member in the Georgia House. There he organized the Georgia Legislative Black Caucus.
In January 1967, Bond was among eleven House members who refused to vote when the legislature elected segregationist Lester Maddox of Atlanta as governor of Georgiaover the Republican Howard Callaway. Callaway had led in the 1966 general election by some three thousand votes. The choice fell on state lawmakers under the Georgia Constitution of 1824 because neither major party candidate had polled a majority in the general election. Former Governor Ellis Arnall polled more than fifty thousand votes as a write-in candidate, a factor which led to the impasse. Bond would not support either Maddox or Callaway, although he was ordered to vote by lame duck Lieutenant GovernorPeter Zack Geer.[17]
Throughout his House career, BOND's district was repeatedly redistricted:
's district was repeatedly redistricted:
He went on to be elected for six terms in the Georgia Senate, in which he served from 1975 to 1987.
During the 1968 presidential election, Bond led an alternate delegation from Georgia to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. There, contrary to his intentions, he became the first African American to be proposed as a major-party candidate for Vice President of the United States. While expressing gratitude for the honor, the 28-year-old Bond quickly declined, citing the constitutional requirement that one must be at least 35 years OF AGE to serve in that office.
to serve in that office.
Bond resigned from the Georgia Senate in 1987 to run for the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 5th congressional district. He lost the Democratic nomination in a runoff to rival civil rights leader John Lewis in a bitter contest, during which Bond was accused of using cocaine and other drugs.[21] As the 5th district had a huge Democratic majority, the nomination delivered the seat to Lewis, who still serves in Congress.
In the 1980's and 1990's, Bond taught at several universities in major cities in the North and South, including American, Drexel, Harvard, and the University of Virginia.
In 1998, Bond was selected as chairman of the NAACP. In November 2008, he announced that he would not seek another term as chairman.[22] Bond agreed to stay on in the position through 2009, as the organization celebrated its 100th anniversary. Roslyn M. Brock was chosen as Bond's successor on February 20, 2010.[23]
He CONTINUES to write and lecture about the history of the civil rights movement, and the condition of African Americans and the poor. He is President Emeritus of the Southern Poverty Law Center.
to write and lecture about the history of the civil rights movement, and the condition of African Americans and the poor. He is President Emeritus of the Southern Poverty Law Center.
From 1980 to 1997 he hosted America's Black Forum. He remains a commentator for the Forum, as well as radio's Byline, and for NBC's The Today Show. He authored thenationally syndicated newspaper column Viewpoint. He narrated the critically acclaimed PBS series Eyes on the Prize in 1987 and 1990.
Bond has been an outspoken supporter of the rights of gays and lesbians. He has publicly stated his support for same-sex marriage. Most notably, he boycotted the funeral services for Coretta Scott King on the grounds that the King children had chosen an anti-gay megachurch. This was in conflict with their mother's longstanding support for the rights of gay and lesbian people.[24] In a 2005 speech in Richmond, VA, Bond stated:
- African Americans ... were the only Americans who were enslaved for two centuries, but we were far from the only Americans suffering discrimination then and now.... Sexual disposition parallels race. I was born this way. I have no choice. I wouldn’t change it if I could. Sexuality is unchangeable.[25]
In a 2007 speech on the Martin Luther King Day Celebration at Clayton State University in Morrow, GA, Bond said, "If you don't like gay marriage, don't get gay married." His positions pitted elements of the NAACP against religious groups in the Civil Rights movement who oppose gay marriage. Most resistance came from within the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which was partially blamed for the success of the recent gay marriage ban amendment in California.[26]
Today, Bond is a Distinguished Professor in Residence at American University in Washington, D.C. He also is a faculty member in the history department at the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, where he teaches history of the Civil Rights Movement.[27]
In January 2007, he delivered the annual Martin Luther King lecture at Siena College.
He is a strong critic of policies that contribute to anthropogenic climate change and was amongst a group of protesters arrested at the White House for civil disobedience in opposition to the Keystone XL pipeline in February 2013.[28]
Personal life
On July 28, 1961, Bond married Alice Clopton, a student at Spelman College. They divorced on November 10, 1989. They had five children: Phyllis Jane Bond-McMillan, Horace Mann Bond II, Michael Julian Bond (an At-large member of Atlanta’s City Council), Jeffrey Alvin Bond and Julia "Cookie" Louise Bond. He married Pamela S. Horowitz, an attorney, on April 26, 1991.
Legacy and honors
- 2002 - National Freedom Award [30]
- In 1999, an honorary LL.D. from Bates College.
- In 2008, an honorary degree from George Washington University. Bond was the 2008 Commencement Keynote Speaker.[31]
- In 2009, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.[32]
- On October 1, 2009, an honorary L.H.D. from Macalester College.
The above four are among 25 honorary degrees which he has been awarded.[33]
Eyes on the Prize
Bond was the narrator of the PBS video Eyes on the Prize, recounting the civil rights controversies of the 1950's and 1960's.
Julian Bond: Reflection from the Civil Rights Movement
Bond is the protagonist on Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement, a documentary film by Eduardo Montes-Bradley. Heritage Film Project, 2012. Distributed by Filmakers Library - Alexander Street Press, USA.[34] Color and Black and White, HD, 34 min. This film is a portrait of social activist and former Georgia legislator Julian Bond approaches the story of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from a personal perspective. “Bond's father was the first African-American president of Pennsylvania's Lincoln University, and the family hosted black luminaries in education and the arts, but Bond recalls growing up in the era of "separate but equal" laws”.[35] Bond also talks about his early involvement with the Civil Rights Movement, his nomination at THE AGE of 28 for vice president of the United States, and the Georgia legislature's efforts to prevent him from being seated as a representative on the grounds that he had not supported the Vietnam War. The film explores the 1963 March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., the assassinations of King and John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson's impact on U.S. race relations. On this film Bond also offers his own insights, and adds some personal revelations, such as the fact that he was a published poet during his college years. The film closes with a montage of major African-American figures from Frederick Douglass to Spike Lee. Julian Bond, Premiered at the Virginia Film Festival on November 4, 2012.[36]
of 28 for vice president of the United States, and the Georgia legislature's efforts to prevent him from being seated as a representative on the grounds that he had not supported the Vietnam War. The film explores the 1963 March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., the assassinations of King and John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson's impact on U.S. race relations. On this film Bond also offers his own insights, and adds some personal revelations, such as the fact that he was a published poet during his college years. The film closes with a montage of major African-American figures from Frederick Douglass to Spike Lee. Julian Bond, Premiered at the Virginia Film Festival on November 4, 2012.[36]Controversial comments
BOND was a strong critic of the Bush administration from its assumption of office in 2001, in large part because Bond believed the administration was illegitimate. Twice that year, first in February to the NAACP board and then in July at that organization's national convention, he attacked the administration for selecting Cabinet secretaries "from theTaliban wing of American politics". Bond specifically TARGETED Attorney General John Ashcroft, who had opposed affirmative action, and Interior Secretary Gale Norton, who defended the Confederacy in a 1996 speech on states' rights. In the selection of these individuals, Bond said, Bush had appeased "the wretched appetites of the extreme right wing and chosen Cabinet officials whose devotion to the Confederacy is nearly canine in its uncritical affection." Then House Majority Leader Dick Armey responded to Bond's statement with a letter accusing NAACP leaders of "racial McCarthyism."[37] Bond later added at the annual NAACP convention that year, that since Bush's election he had "had his picture taken with more black people than voted for him."[37]
was a strong critic of the Bush administration from its assumption of office in 2001, in large part because Bond believed the administration was illegitimate. Twice that year, first in February to the NAACP board and then in July at that organization's national convention, he attacked the administration for selecting Cabinet secretaries "from theTaliban wing of American politics". Bond specifically TARGETED Attorney General John Ashcroft, who had opposed affirmative action, and Interior Secretary Gale Norton, who defended the Confederacy in a 1996 speech on states' rights. In the selection of these individuals, Bond said, Bush had appeased "the wretched appetites of the extreme right wing and chosen Cabinet officials whose devotion to the Confederacy is nearly canine in its uncritical affection." Then House Majority Leader Dick Armey responded to Bond's statement with a letter accusing NAACP leaders of "racial McCarthyism."[37] Bond later added at the annual NAACP convention that year, that since Bush's election he had "had his picture taken with more black people than voted for him."[37]
On May 14, 2013, while on MSNBC, Bond called the Tea Party the “Taliban wing of American politics.”[38] Bond told MSNBC, "I think it’s entirely legitimate to look at the tea party." But he also said, "It was wrong for the IRS to behave in this heavy-handed manner. They didn’t explain it well before or now what they’re doing and why they’re doing it." He called Tea Party members “a group of people who are admittedly racist, who are overtly political, who’ve tried as best as they can to harm President Obama in every way they can.” He added, "We all ought to be a little worried about them."[38]
Media appearances
During his tenure with the NAACP, Bond was frequently interviewed and appeared on numerous news shows. In 1978, he played himself in the miniseries King. He also had a small appearance in the movie Ray (2004).
Bond hosted Saturday Night Live (SNL) on April 9, 1977, becoming the first black political figure to host the show. The famous segment from this appearance is the "Black Perspective" skit with then-SNL cast member Garrett Morris. Bond explained perceptions of white and black IQ differences by noting, tongue-in-cheek, the "fact" that "light-skinned blacks are smarter than dark-skinned blacks."[39]
On October 11, 2009, Bond appeared at the National Equality March in Washington, D.C., and spoke upon the rights of the LGBT community, which was aired live on C-SPAN.[40][41]
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