BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY
Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi
| Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi | |
|---|---|
| Priest and Monk | |
| Born | September 1903 Aguleri, Anambra, Nigeria |
| Died | January 20, 1964 Leicester, England |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 22 March 1998 by Pope John Paul II |
| Feast | 20 January |
Blessed Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi (born in Aguleri, Anambra State, Nigeria in September 1903 – died in Leicester, England, 24 January 1964) was an Igbo Nigerian ordained a Roman Catholic priest of the Archdiocese of Onitsha, Nigeria on 19 December 1937. He worked in the parishes of Nnewi, Dunukofia, Akpu/Ajalli and Aguleri.[1]
He was later a Cistercian Monk at Mount Saint Bernard Monastery in England.[2] After being recommended by Cardinal Francis Arinze, who was inspired by Tansi as a boy (he had been one of Tansi's students and knew him personally),[3] he was beatified byPope John Paul II on 22 March 1998, who said, "Blessed Cyprian Michael Tansi is a prime example of the fruits of holiness which have grown and matured in the Church in Nigeria since the Gospel was first preached in this land. He received the gift of faith through the efforts of the missionaries, and taking the Christian way of life as his own he made it truly African and Nigerian." [4]
His feast day is January 20.
Heritage and Early Life
Before he was born, the British had come to colonize Nigeria. The British [Royal Niger Company] was traded in Aguleri before Michael was born, and buying palm oil from the local people to sell abroad. An incident happened when a local person named Onwurume wanted to take a little palm oil to put on his roasted yam (yam is the staple food of Igbopeople, and palm oil to yams is the cultural equivalent of butter to bread) and he decided to puncture a barrel of palm oil to get some. When the hole he made caused the entire barrel to be emptied out, he ran away but was grabbed by employees of the Company and put into custody. When the local people heard about it they gathered together to negotiate with the company agents, but the company called for military reinforcements and arrested the twelve chiefs who came to negotiate, and then afterwards proceeded to attack the neighbouring villages, burning down the homes of the local people, pillaging their property as well as mistakenly destroying a nearby village of a different group that had no relation to the incident.[5]
Michael's father was Tabansi of Igbezunu, Aguleri. He was one of the people taken hostage by the Royal Niger Company, and later released. Later he named his firstborn son 'Iwe-egbune' shortened to Iwene, meaning 'let malice not kill'; which was the birth-name of Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi. His father was a pagan, but not a polygamist, and he married twice, the second wife after the first one died. Michael was his first born, and he had another son with his first wife. His second wife gave him four boys and one girl.[5]
His parents were poor farmers.
When he was a young child, he became permanently blinded in one of his eyes as a result of a mud-fight with other children.
His father sent Iwene to a Catholic mission school, with the intention of getting his son to receive a better education that would help lead their family out of poverty and would never again be taken advantage of by the westerners. Michael automatically became a Catholic by being enrolled and taught at the school, and he was baptized in 1913 with the Christian name of Michael.[5]
Upon graduating, he became a teacher, and worked as a teacher from 1919-1925.
Seminarian
At that time there were very little acceptance of black people becoming priests in Nigeria. The Bishop was Irish, and most of the clergy were from Europe. Bishop Shanahan saw the native Igbo, even after conversion, as still being steeped in pagan culture, and that it was going to be very hard to get them to become proper priests. Igbo could become priests, but they were subject to very hard regulations and could be denied continuance in their study very easily by the priests who taught them who often were very careful to make sure only the best people would become priests.[5]
Michael attended seminary from 1925-1937. His family was appalled at his entrance to the seminary, because they wanted him to go into business or something that would take them out of poverty, which was what his father had always planned. His family was poor and they desperately needed his help, but he felt that God, the same God he had learned about in the mission school his parents had sent him to as a child as a means of getting material benefits for the family, wanted him to continue in the seminary rather than do something else.[5]
Parish Priest
At that time in Nigeria, almost all priests were foreign missionaries and very few Africans were ordained to the priesthood. The foreign missionaries would often not be willing to live in the same poverty or bad conditions of life that the native-born Nigerians were, and as a result if an area wanted a parish priest at that time, the local people had to get their money together and be able to supply enough money so that the priest could live well. This included building a church and the priest's house (which rather than adobe or mud, could potentially be brick or concrete, with two stories and a zinc roof), buying a car for the priest's use, good food including wine, roasted chickens, tea, coffee, sausages, peas, Irish potatoes, foreign imported foods, etc. The people who had to supply the money for the priest to get these things were often subsistence farmers, who themselves lacked basic healthcare, education or were malnourished.[5]
The church required all members to regularly submit money to the ANC or Annual Missionary Collection, and parishioners who did not contribute could potentially be denied the sacraments, a Catholic funeral, etc. When black priests became more common they also often followed the example of the lifestyle of the foreign missionaries and did likewise. Monks and nuns also had much more comfortable lifestyles than the norm that the poor peasant majority was used to; which was seen as a great detraction from the entire purpose of someone becoming a monk or nun, wherein they were supposed to reject the goods of the world to follow God. And people began looking at the priesthood, or a life as a monk or nun as a way of escaping poverty and living a nicer life.[5]
When Michael became a parish priest, he refused to live in this fashion. He lived a very austere life in comparison to the other priests around him. He refused to life in a nice home, and he would build his own home using adobe, mud brick or other traditional materials. He would put rocks on his bed to make it uncomfortable. He would eat even poorer food than what the local people ate, surviving on tiny portions of yams that he sometimes purposely had burnt or improperly cooked. He sometimes had a motorbike provided to him, but he often preferred to use a bicycle or even just to walk, even though the distances were huge. He would walk even in tropical rainstorms.[5]
His lifestyle shocked and amazed the Nigerian Catholics, who were not accustomed to this kind of priest. And he became extremely popular and loved among the four parishes that he served in. He organized the community to help the poor and needy, and he personally would help people to build their own homes or perform other projects. He never insisted that poor people pay the ANC, although for richer people he insisted. He was very good at building homes, and taught people new building techniques with adobe or mud brick that were copied and used by the whole community. He was remembered as always being very kind.[5]
He was very hard against vice in the midst of his flock. For example, towards the issue of pre-marital sex, he would not allow men to see their brides before they got married, and he would organize the community to place the bride to be in a special home wherein she would be looked after until she got married, and if the groom attempted to go there without Fr. Tansi's permission, he could be beaten. He also had a women's group organized who would enforce disciplines on their own members, such that if one of their members had an abortion they would burn her uniform in a ceremony and expel her. He was also a very strict disciplinarian against students who failed to work hard at the parish school, and he would even hide near the school waiting for the bell to ring and then when he saw students coming late he would come out of his hiding place and beat them for coming late to school.[5]
He also stood up against oppression of women within the traditional culture and advised women to fight back against those who would rape them or mistreat them. On one occasion, a female parishioner was attacked by a group of pagan males, and she fought back against them, and Fr Michael, who was nearby, came on his bicycle and joined with her and fought them until they fled. He then encouraged her to bring the assailants to court and she did, and won the case against them, forcing them each to pay her four pounds; this case was a milestone in the establishment of women's rights in Nigeria.[5]
He also was very militantly opposed to some aspects of the traditional pagan culture in Nigeria, including especially the masquerades. Whenever pagans would organized these masked processions, Father Michael would go out to oppose them and stand in their way. In a masquerade there was one person wearing a mask, whom was said to not really be a human being, but actually a spirit, and Fr Michael once went to one of these people and read a definition of a spirit as one that did not possess a body or physical substance, and he then punched the masked man in the head, saying that since he was a spirit, he must not have felt that. His hostility to them and their traditional culture may have been intensified due to the fact that Nigerian pagans had murdered his own mother after claiming she was a witch who had caused mischief.[5]
He gave the community many advices and teachings about the right way to live in a practical fashion. For example, there were many mango trees that would stand around the local area, and it was common during the proper season when the trees were filled with fruit, for people to go to the trees and throw rocks at them to knock down the fruit, and in the process they would always knock down far more than they were going to eat, or they knocked down the unripe fruit with the ripened fruit; and as a result the tree would lay bare even before the season was over. Michael considered this wasteful, and told the community to pluck each mango individually so that nothing was wasted and that they would not lack mangos to eat later.[5]
He worked in four very large parishes which were Nnewi, Dunukofia, Akpu/Ajlli and Aguleri (his own home town).
He was also remembered as being a perfectionist in everything, always wanting all things to be done in the most perfect of ways, which sometimes placed a burden on those who were under him that they resented.
Trappist Monk
While serving in his last parish, in his own hometown of Aguleri from 1949-1950, Michael began to become attracted to the religious life and was asking about becoming a monk. At that time there were no monasteries established in Nigeria, and the bishop was interested in the idea of sending some candidates to a monastery in Europe who would become monks in Europe and later would return to Nigeria to start up the first Nigerian monastery. Michael and others were selected for this project.[5]
1950 was a jubilee year in the church, and Michael was first sent to Rome to make the pilgrimage to the four major basilicas. He was then sent to Mount St. Bernard in England, to join the Trappist monks there. He arrived on June 8, 1950
At the monastery he joined the novitiate and took his vows, later becoming a full monk, taking the name Cyprian after the Roman martyr. No one at the monastery had any idea of how he had constructed such great parishes in Nigeria and all his accomplishments, and he never told them. He did not try in any way to stand out among the other monks, and to them he seemed like just a normal monk, and many of them did not think that he was a saint or special person.[5]
Despite fears of being treated with racial prejudice, he did not suffer much from the monks, with the exception perhaps of one South African monk who unconsciously seemed to always find something wrong in his work.
His novice master was very hard on him and all the other new monks, which caused a lot of stress for him. He was also a strict perfectionist and sensitive to criticism, and his novice master could always find things that were wrong with what he had done. This caused a lot of suffering for him; it was during this experience that he began to think that he had made some mistakes in Nigeria with the hard discipline and expectations he had placed on people under him.[5]
He was found to not be very intelligent or educated. When the monks were listening to a reading of Julius Caesar's invasion of England, when the boats could not continue, Michael asked 'but why didn't they turn on the motors?' He also couldn't memorize the psalms which the monks sang every morning at 2am after getting out of bed, and he would make them up as he sang.
The cold weather, which he had not been accustomed to in tropical Nigeria, was also very hard for him.
He never went back to Nigeria again, and when the prospect came to send him back, he said that he wanted to die in Mount St Bernard. He did not have much attention on Nigeria' independence movement, and his only known recorded statement on it was a negative one. His health deteriorated, but he accepted death with no complaint. Before he died he went to Leicester Royal Infirmary, and when he was examined the doctor came out of the examination and spoke with monastery priest Fr James saying "Can you help me please, Father? This man must be in terrific pain, but he will only admit that he has 'a little pain.'". He died the same day as a result of Arteriosclerosis and rupture and a coronary aneurism. The date of his death was January 20, 1964.[5]
His body was buried at the monastery in England, where it remains today.
Quotations[edit]
"Count no one saved, until he is found in heaven" (Onye afuro na enuigwe, si aguyi na) [5]
"Do not be imitating the whites in everything, strive hard to gain the Kingdom of God. The whites are already in heaven in this world, but you are suffering every want. Are you going to suffer also in the next world: Life on earth could be compared to the journey of a young student who received a slip for a registered parcel, and he had to go to Lagos to claim this parcel. On the way he passed through many beautiful towns, towns with very attractive things in the shops. He started going from one shop to another, stretching his hands to the beautiful things he saw. He stopped so often in these big towns that he almost forgot what he was travelling for. It was after a long time that he ultimately reached Lagos, and when he went to claim the parcel he was told that the parcel had lain in the post for so long without him arriving to claim it that they had finally decided to send it back to the sender."[5]
"God will give you double for what you give Him"[5]
"If you want to eat vultures, you may as well eat seven of them, so that when people call you "vulture eater" you really deserve the name. If you want to become a Catholic, live as a faithful Catholic, so that when people see you, they know that you are a Catholic. If you are going to be a Christian at all, you might as well live entirely for God."[5]
"Whether you like it or not, saving your soul is your own business. If you are weak and fall by the wayside, we shall push you aside and tread on you as we march forward to meet God."[5]
"She is not 'Onye Bem' (a common Nigerian expression for wife, meaning 'in my place) but your wife, your better half, part of your own body. 'Onye' means a stranger which your wife is not. You must recognize the worth and position of your wife and treat her as your partner and your equal. Unless you do that, she is not a wife to you but a servant, and that is not what God wants a wife to be to the husband."[5]
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