BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY : THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYER - CHARLES W. FOLLIS, a.k.a. "the Black Cyclone" : GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK GENIUS "

                             BLACK                SOCIAL         HISTORY                                                                                                                                                          Charles W. Follis, a.k.a. "The Black Cyclone,"  February 3, 1879 – April 5, 1910  was the first black professional football player. He played for the Shelby Blues of the "Ohio League" from 1902 to 1906. On September 16, 1904, Follis signed a contract with Shelby making him the first black contracted to play professional football. He was also the first black catcher to move from college baseball onto a black professional baseball team.

Early life

Born in Cloverdale, Virginia, Follis' parents moved to Wooster, Ohio when he was still a young boy. He was one of seven children, which consisted of four sisters and two brothers. All three of the Follis brothers played football for Wooster High School. Charles younger brother Curtis died at the age of 19 from a football related injury.
In 1899, Charles helped organize the varsity football team for Wooster High School. He served as the team's halfback and was elected the team's captain by his white schoolmates. He then led Wooster to an undefeated season.

Football career

Follis entered Wooster College, in 1901, however he chose to play football for the amateur Wooster Athletic Association, rather than the college squad. Asa member of the Wooster Athletic Association that he would earn the nickname, "The Black Cyclone." At the end of the 1901 season, Wooster played the Shelby Blues in a two game series. Follis' performance brought him to the attention of the Shelby team manager, Frank C. Schiffer, who decided he wanted Follis to play with his team, not against them. He secured Follis for his team and set him up with a job at a local hardware store. Charles' working hours were arranged so that he could both practice and play football.
During the 1902 and 1903 seasons, Follis played for Shelby. During a 58-0 win over a team from Fremont, Follis ran for a 60-yard touchdown. In 1904, he helped led the Blues to a 8-1-1 record. Their only loss was to the Massillon Tigers, the 1904 Ohio League champions. In 1906, the Blues became an entirely open professional team. Charles missed the early part of the season due to an injury, however he did return in the second half of the season. Finally, on Thanksgiving Day 1906, while playing against the Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland, he suffered another injury, though this one ended his career.

Baseball

Follis was also the first black catcher to move from college baseball into the Negro Leagues. During the 1901 and 1902 seasons, while playing for Wooster University, Follis became well-known in the Ohio college circuit. His closest competitor at the position, was Branch Rickey of nearby Ohio Wesleyan University.
In 1902, he left Wooster University and by 1909 he was catching for the Cuban Giants. He became the Giants' star catcher, their leading slugger and their most popular player. Follis was credited with many stolen bases, double plays, and even two triple plays in his career. However he had a better reputation as a power hitter. On May 16, 1906, Buttons Briggs, a pitcher formerly of the National League's Chicago Cubs, was brought in by Elyria to pitch against the Wooster Giants. This moved was intended to intimate Wooster, since Briggs won 20 games in 1905. However Follis as the lead-off batter in the first inning, first ball hit a home run off the former major league star's first pitch. He completed the day with four-for-six against Buttons.

Death

In 1910, Follis died at the age of 31, from pneumonia.

Legacy

First black professional football player

While Follis’ professionalism was reported by the local press, his role as the first black professional football player was not known by sports historians until many years later. In 1975, researchers rediscovered halfback Follis’ on-the-field-achievements while reveiewing old pages of the Shelby Daily Globe, with the goal to locate evidence that Follis had played as a professional. After hours of examinating the tattered newspapers, researchers finally came across an article in the September 16, 1904 edition that announced Follis had signed a contract for the upcoming season.

Branch Rickey

One of Follis' Shelby teammates during the 1902 and 1903 seasons was Branch Rickey. Rickey would later become the general manager of baseball's Brooklyn Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. He was often hired to play for Shelby while attending nearby Ohio Wesleyan University. Rickey also played against Follis on October 17, 1903, when he ran for a 70-yard touchdown against the Ohio Wesleyan football team. It is highly probable that Rickey's first-hand observation of Follis influenced his decision to sign Jackie Robinson to a Major League Baseball contract in 1947, breaking baseball's color barrier

Fields

In 1998, the football field/outdoor track facility at Wooster High School, Follis Field, was dedicated in his honor.