BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY Spottswood William Robinson III (July 26, 1916 – October 11, 1998) was an educator, civil rights attorney and judge.
In the early 1950s, Robinson and his law-partner Oliver Hill litigated several civil rights lawsuits in Virginia. In 1951, Robinson and Hill took up the cause of the African American students at the segregated R.R. Moton High School in Farmville who had walked out of their dilapidated school. The subsequent lawsuit, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County which was consolidated with four other cases decided under Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954. In their arguments before the Court, Robinson made the first argument on behalf of the plaintiffs.[2]
In 1966, Judge Robinson became the first African-American appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit when he was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson. He became the first African American to become Chief Judge of the District of Columbia Circuit Court.[3]
Biography
Born in Richmond, Virginia on July 26, 1916, Robinson received his undergraduate degree from Virginia Union University. In 1939, Robinson received his law degree from Howard University, graduating first in his class and achieving the highest scholastic average in the history of the Howard University Law School.[4] He was a faculty member of the Howard University School of Law from his graduation in 1939 until 1947, and was one of the core attorneys of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF) from 1948 to 1960. Through the NAACP LDF he worked on cases such as Brown v. Board of Education and Chance v. Lambeth (which invalidated carrier-enforced racial segregation in interstate transportation).[5]
From 1960-1964 Robinson was Dean of the Howard University School of Law. He also served as a member of the United States Commission on Civil Rights from 1961 to 1963. In 1964 he became the first African-American to be appointed the United States district court for the District of Columbia. In 1966, Judge Robinson became the first African-American appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit when he was appointed by President Lyndon Johnson. On May 7, 1981, he became the first African American to serve as Chief Judge of the District of Columbia Circuit Court. Judge Robinson took senior statusin 1989 and later retired. He died on October 11, 1998 in Richmond, Virginia.[6]
Positions
- Faculty, Howard University School of Law, 1939–1948
- Private practice, Richmond, Virginia, 1943–1960
- Counsel / representative, Virginia NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 1948–1950
- Southeast regional counsel, NAACP, 1951–1960
- Professor / dean, Howard University School of Law, 1960–1963
- U.S. Commission of Civil Rights, 1961–1963
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