BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY
Allen West (politician)
| Allen West | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 22nd district | |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Ron Klein |
| Succeeded by | Lois Frankel |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Allen Bernard West February 7, 1961 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Angela Graham |
| Alma mater | University of Tennessee, Knoxville Kansas State University United States Army Command and General Staff College |
| Religion | Christianity |
| Awards | Bronze Star Meritorious Service Medal Army Commendation Medal Army Achievement Medal |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service/branch |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1982–2004 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant Colonel |
| Commands | 20th Field Artillery 4th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | Operation Desert Storm Operation Iraqi Freedom |
Allen Bernard West (born February 7, 1961) is an American political commentator, former member of the United States House of Representatives, and retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel. A member of the Republican Party, he represented Florida's 22nd congressional district in the House from 2011 to 2013.
West was born in Georgia and joined the United States Army in 1983. He was deployed to Kuwait in 1991 and Iraq in 2003. In 2003, West was charged in an incident that involved the beating and simulated execution of an Iraqi police officer. West was fined $5,000, accepted a Non-judicial punishment and allowed to retire as a lieutenant colonel after an Article 32 hearing.[1]
After leaving the military, he and his family moved to Florida where he taught at a high school for a year and worked for a defense contractor, part of his time spent in Afghanistan as a civilian adviser to the Afghan National Army. He entered politics in 2008 as the nominee for Florida's 22nd congressional district in 2008, losing to Democratic incumbent Ron Klein. In a re-match in 2010, he won the seat, coinciding with significant Republican gains in the 2010 midterm elections.
West took office in January 2011 as the first African-American Republican Congressman from Florida since Josiah T. Walls left office in 1876 near the end of Reconstruction.[2] In Congress, West served on the Armed Services and Small Business Committees and was a high-profile member of the Tea Party Caucus and the Tea Party movement.[3]
Redistricting due to the 2010 census resulted in West switching to Florida's 18th congressional district for the 2012 House elections. He lost by 2,146 votes to Democratic nominee Patrick Murphy. After a recount extended Murphy's lead, the original results were certified and West conceded to Murphy on November 20, 2012.[4] In the 22nd district, West was succeeded by Democrat Lois Frankel. He is a contributor for Fox News[5][6] and his first book, Guardian of the Republic, was published in April 2014.[7]
Early life and education
Allen Bernard West was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Elizabeth (née Thomas; 1931–1994) and Herman West, Sr. (1920–1986) on February 7, 1961.[8][9] His father and older brother were both career military officers; West's father served in World War II, and his brother served in Vietnam.[10] His mother was a civilian employee of the United States Marine Corps. Although both of his parents were REGISTERED
Democrats, West has remarked that they raised him "very conservatively."[3]
Democrats, West has remarked that they raised him "very conservatively."[3]
In the tenth grade, West joined the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps PROGRAM and entered the United States Army in 1983 when he graduated from the University of Tennessee. West is the third of four consecutive generations in his family to serve in the US armed forces.[10] He later received a master's degree in political science from Kansas State University. He also EARNED a master of military arts and sciences degree from the US Army Command and General Staff Officer College in political theory and military history and operations.[11]
and entered the United States Army in 1983 when he graduated from the University of Tennessee. West is the third of four consecutive generations in his family to serve in the US armed forces.[10] He later received a master's degree in political science from Kansas State University. He also EARNED a master of military arts and sciences degree from the US Army Command and General Staff Officer College in political theory and military history and operations.[11]Military career (1983–2004)
Overview
West entered active duty on November 1, 1983, at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where he completed the Field Artillery Officer's Basic Course (FACBOC). He then proceeded to airborne training at Fort Benning, Georgia where he received his Parachutist Badge. West's first assignment was as an airborne infantry fire support officer and platoon leader, as well as battalion training officer for the 4th A.B.C.T. (Airborne Battalion Combat Team), 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division at Caserma Ederle in Vicenza, Italyunder the command of Lt. Col. Thomas R. "Nuke'em" Needham. In 1987, West was promoted to captain and attended the Field Artillery Officer's Advanced Course.[12] Following graduation, West took command of B Battery, 6th Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Infantry Division. He served as the battalion task force fire support officer for 2d Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment. As a member of the 1st Infantry Division he deployed for Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm.[12]
After redeployment from Kuwait, West served as an Army ROTC instructor at Kansas State UNIVERSITY from 1991 to 1994, becoming the U.S. Army ROTC Instructor of the Year in 1993.[13] In January 1995 he was assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division Support Command as the assistant operations/combat plans officer. West was promoted to majorbefore he attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in 1997. Upon completion, he became the operations officer for the 18th Field Artillery Brigade before being assigned as executive officer of 1st Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment. Afterwards, West served as an Army exchange officer at the II Marine Expeditionary Force atCamp Lejeune from 1999 to 2002 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
from 1991 to 1994, becoming the U.S. Army ROTC Instructor of the Year in 1993.[13] In January 1995 he was assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division Support Command as the assistant operations/combat plans officer. West was promoted to majorbefore he attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in 1997. Upon completion, he became the operations officer for the 18th Field Artillery Brigade before being assigned as executive officer of 1st Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment. Afterwards, West served as an Army exchange officer at the II Marine Expeditionary Force atCamp Lejeune from 1999 to 2002 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
The culminating assignment of West's career was his assumption of command of the 2d Battalion, 20th Field Artillery Regiment, 4th Infantry Division on June 6, 2002. He deployed with his unit during the Iraq War in 2003 and CONTINUED to command his battalion until he was relieved of command by the Army following a use-of-force incident concerning an Iraqi policeman. He was subsequently allowed to retire in 2004.[14][15]
to command his battalion until he was relieved of command by the Army following a use-of-force incident concerning an Iraqi policeman. He was subsequently allowed to retire in 2004.[14][15]Military decorations
West's awards and decorations include the Bronze Star; Meritorious Service Medal (two Oak Leaf Clusters); Army Commendation Medal (three Oak Leaf Clusters, one Valor Device); Army Achievement Medal (one Oak Leaf Cluster); Valorous Unit Award; Air Assault Badge; and the Master Parachutist Badge.[11][16]
Iraq interrogation incident
While serving in Taji, Iraq, West received information from an intelligence specialist about a plot to ambush his unit. The alleged plot involved Yahya Jhodri Hamoodi, an Iraqi police officer. West had his men detain Hamoodi.[17] Soldiers testified that in the process of detaining Hamoodi, he appeared to reach for his weapon and needed to be subdued.[17] Hamoodi was beaten by four soldiers from the 2/20th Field Artillery Battalion on the head and body.[18] West then fired his pistol near Hamoodi's head,[17] after which Hamoodi provided West with names and information, which Hamoodi later described as "meaningless information induced by fear and pain."[17] At least one of these suspects was arrested as a result, but no plans for attacks or weapons were found.[17] West said "At the time I had to base my decision on the intelligence I received. It's possible that I was wrong about Mr. Hamoodi."[17]
West was charged with violating Articles 128 (assault) and 134 (general article) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. During a hearing held as part of an Article 32 investigationin November 2003, West stated, "I know the method I used was not right, but I wanted to take care of my soldiers."[18] The charges were ultimately referred to an Article 15 proceeding rather than court-martial, at which West was fined $5,000.[17] Lieutenant Colonel West accepted the judgment and retired with full benefits in the summer of 2004. Asked if he would act differently under similar circumstances, West testified, "If it's about the lives of my soldiers at stake, I'd go through hell with a gasoline can."[18] At his hearing, West said that there were no ambushes against American forces in Taji until he was relieved of his leadership post a month later.[18] After West's retirement he received more than 2,000 letters and e-mails offering him moral support.[17] A letter supporting West was signed by 95 members of Congress and sent to the Secretary of the Army.[17]
Post-military career (2004–2007)
After retiring from the Army, West and his family moved to Florida. He taught U.S. history and coached track and field at Deerfield Beach High School for a year.[17][19] He then spent two years working for Military Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI), a defense contractor. While with MPRI, West served in Kandahar, Afghanistan. In that capacity, he was an adviser to the Afghan National Army.[20]
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
- 2008
In 2006, E. Clay Shaw, Jr. was defeated by Democrat Ron Klein in Florida's 22nd Congressional district, which leaned Republican since its establishment in 1993. Allen West entered politics in 2008 to regain the lost House seat, challenging freshman incumbent Klein. West received the Republican nomination without opposition. However, he lost to Klein by a margin of 9.4% of the votes. The official results were Klein with 169,041 votes (54.7%), West with 140,104 votes (45.3%), and write-in candidate Michael Prysner with 6 votes.
- 2010
West spoke at the Conservative Political Action Conference on February 20, 2010, and was endorsed by former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin.[22] West was one of 32 African-American Republican candidates for Congress in 2010. He said he supported the Tea Party movement and rejected the notion that the movement was motivated by racism, saying the accusation was a creation of liberal critics and the news media.[23] West has been described as a "tea party star"[24] became a member of the congressional Tea Party Caucus in February 2011.[25] West defeated incumbent Ron Klein by a margin of 8.8%. West, along with newly elected Tim Scott, were the first African-American Republicans in Congress since J.C. Watts retired in 2003.[26] West raised $5.4 million for his campaign, while his incumbent opponent raised $2.5 million. According to West, "...over 97 percent of our donations have come from individual contributions."[27][28]
- 2012
West raised more than $1.5 million in the 2011 second quarter to support his 2012 reelection bid.[29][30][31] The National Journal 's Cook Political Report in 2011 named West one of the top 10 Republicans most vulnerable to redistricting in 2012.[32]
On February 1, 2012, West announced that he would run for reelection from the new 18th Congressional District, which consists of a majority of the previous 16th Congressional District. This came in the wake of Representative Tom Rooney switching from the 16th Congressional District to the 17th; a move that was considered likely to dramatically improve West's chances of reelection, although it was still a competitive race.[33] He received a primary challenge from Martin County Sheriff Robert Crowder. West did not debate Crowder and said "debating an uninformed opponent would waste voters’ time".[34] Incumbent West defeated Crowder in a landslide, receiving 74.4% of the vote.
His general election opponent was Democrat Patrick Murphy, a political newcomer and a Republican until 2011. The campaign featured several negative ads, including one released by American Sunrise PAC that was extremely critical of West's policies and depicted him in violent cartoon action against several individuals. West issued a statement condemning the ad, stating that it "plays on stereotypes" with the goal of diverting Americans from more pressing matters at hand such as high unemployment. He claimed the ad was released by the family of his opponent. The campaign manager of his opponent, said the ad was from a third party and therefore held no liability for it.[35] After primary opponent Crowder endorsed Murphy, a spokesman of the West campaign said "Crowder is a Democrat and a sore loser. I’m shocked he waited this long. Perhaps Crowder hopes to CONTINUE cozying up to local Democrats so he can be their nominee against Allen West in 2014."
cozying up to local Democrats so he can be their nominee against Allen West in 2014."
Initial vote counts showed Murphy defeating West by a narrow margin of 2,000 votes. West did not concede, citing irregularities in St. Lucie County where some early ballots may have been counted twice.[36] Florida state election officials unofficially certified Murphy as the winner,[37] A partial recount of early ballots cast between November 1 and 3, 2012 in St. Lucie County slightly decreased the margin separating the candidates, and the West campaign sought further recounts. West said that if the final results show a loss, he would not cling to his title as a member of Congress, but wanted to ensure a fair election was carried out, raising the potential of a protracted legal battle.[38] As of the November 18 state deadline, the St. Lucie County election officials had not completed a recount of all of the early ballots, and so the previously submitted vote count which showed Murphy as the winner by 2146 votes was submitted to the state election officials.[39][40] The West campaign conceded the election on November 20, 2012.[4]
Tenure
| “ | There are those who will hate your own country, America, regardless of the self-evident truths. To you I say that life just does not get any better than the 'Land of the all night IHOP' … and if you truly hate America so much, you are also free to find another home. There is surely an illegal immigrant who will be happy in yours. | ” |
— Allen West, in his 2007 debut monthly "Column From Kandahar" forPamela Geller's Atlas Shrugs blog [3]
| ||
West's rhetoric won him both support and condemnation from differing groups along the American political spectrum. Members of the conservative movement viewed him as a "torch bearer" and "conservative icon," with Sarah Palin and Ted Nugent both suggesting him for vice president, and Glenn Beck supporting him for president.[3]In January 2013, U.S. Representatives Paul Broun (R-Georgia) and Louie Gohmert (R-Texas) both voted for West as Speaker of the House, even though he was no longer a member of Congress.[41] Some of his statements include calling President Barack Obama "an abject failure", ordering both pro-Palestinian demonstrators and the views of "chicken men" Democrats to "get the hell out" of the United States, opining that drivers with Obama bumper stickers are "a threat to the gene pool", and pronouncing that African American Democrats are trying to keep African Americans "on the plantation", while casting himself as the "modern-day Harriet Tubman" ferrying them to rescue. In a critical summation of West's style, Mother Jones opined that "[for West] every sentence is a proxy war in the larger struggle between patriots and the 'people in this world that just have to have their butts kicked.'".[3]
In January 2011, West joined House Foreign Affairs Committee chairwoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) in condemning the official flying of a Palestine Liberation Organizationflag in Washington D.C. West said that the raising of the flag is "an attempt to legitimize an organization with a known history of terrorist actions".[42] In February, West describedMichael Ledeen as one of his "foreign policy heroes",[43] and implored his followers to read Saul Alinsky's Rules for Radicals to "understand what they're up against." Other authors West has cited in helping him shape his worldview include philosopher John Stuart Mill and Union Army General William Tecumseh Sherman.[3]
On June 2, 2011 Allen West wrote a letter to President Obama urging him to grant clemency to Jonathan Pollard. Mr. West wrote, "After serving 26 years behind bars, Jonathan Pollard's health is deteriorating, as is his wife's. If we can consent to the release by the British of the Lockerbie bomber back to Libya due to health concern, how can we justify keeping Mr. Pollard behind bars when his crimes were clearly not as serious as a terrorist who murdered hundreds of Americans?"[44]
West attempted to cast his work overseas in historical terms, theorizing that America is following in the footsteps of Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours, or the 300 SpartanHoplites at the Battle of Thermopylae, in defending Western civilization against Muslim threats from the Middle East. In speaking on what he believed to be Islam's proclivity for violence, West remarked that "Something happened when Mohammed enacted the Hijra and he left Mecca and he went out to Medina, it became violence."[3] In lieu of this view, in February 2011, West cited the threat of "radical Islamic terrorists" as his motivation for voting to extend provisions of the Patriot Act;[45] He voted against another extension in May 2011.[46] When asked during an interview with The Shalom Show how he would work with others "like Keith Ellison, who supports Islam," West stated that Ellison, a Minnesota representative and practicing Muslim, represents the "antithesis of the principles upon which this country was established."[47] West later argued that his initial comment was misconstrued. He said the comments were "not about his Islamic faith, but about his CONTINUED support of the Council on American-Islamic Relations(CAIR)."[48] In a Boynton Beach Town Hall meeting, West told the Miami leader of CAIR that "I will always defend your right to practice a free religion under the First Amendment, but what you must understand, if I am speaking the truth, I am not going to stop speaking the truth. The truth is not subjective."[49]
support of the Council on American-Islamic Relations(CAIR)."[48] In a Boynton Beach Town Hall meeting, West told the Miami leader of CAIR that "I will always defend your right to practice a free religion under the First Amendment, but what you must understand, if I am speaking the truth, I am not going to stop speaking the truth. The truth is not subjective."[49]
On July 19, 2011, West sent an email to Democratic representative and Democratic National Committee chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz in response to comments directed at him in a speech the congresswoman made on the floor of the House of Representatives after West had departed the chamber.[50] West's email, which he copied to members of House Democratic and Republican leadership, characterized Wasserman as "the most vile, unprofessional, and despicable member of the US House of Representatives", said that she was "not a lady" and asked that she focus, instead, on her own congressional district.[51] This is a long-standing dispute that West says "dates back to the disgusting protest you ordered at my campaign headquarters, October 2010 in Deerfield Beach."[52]
At a town hall meeting in Palm City, Florida on April 11, 2012, West was asked by a man in the audience, "What percentage of the American legislature do you think are card carrying Marxists or International Socialists?" West responded that "there's about 78 to 81 members of the Democrat Party that are members of the Communist Party." When asked to name them, he replied "It's called the Congressional Progressive Caucus."[53]
Committee assignments
- Committee on Armed Services
- Committee on Small Business
Caucus memberships
When West joined the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) on January 5, 2011, he became the first Republican to join the CBC since former Congressman Gary Franks of Connecticut retired in 1997.[55]
Work with Fox News
On May 16, 2013, Fox News announced it had hired former Florida Representative Allen West as a contributor to offer political commentary during the network's daytime and prime time shows. In a statement, Executive Vice President of PROGRAMMING Bill Shine said, "Representative West’s congressional and military experience along with his fearless approach to voicing key issues will provide a valuable point of view to the FOX News lineup."[56]
Bill Shine said, "Representative West’s congressional and military experience along with his fearless approach to voicing key issues will provide a valuable point of view to the FOX News lineup."[56]Personal life
West married Angela M. Graham on December 24, 1989. She holds a Ph.D. in education from Kansas State UNIVERSITY, and received a gubernatorial appointment to the board of trustees of Florida Atlantic University.[57] They have two daughters.[58][59] West and his family moved to Texas after he became CEO of the Dallas-based National Center for Policy Analysis in January 2015.[60][61]
, and received a gubernatorial appointment to the board of trustees of Florida Atlantic University.[57] They have two daughters.[58][59] West and his family moved to Texas after he became CEO of the Dallas-based National Center for Policy Analysis in January 2015.[60][61]
He is a certified master scuba diver, motorcycle enthusiast and honorary member of the Blue Knights International Law Enforcement Motorcycle Club.[3] He was a co-host forTroopathon 2013.[62]
Electoral history
| 2008 22nd Congressional District of Florida Elections | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Democratic | Ron Klein (incumbent) | 169,041 | 54.7 | ||
| Republican | Allen West | 140,104 | 45.3 | ||
| 2010 22nd Congressional District of Florida Elections | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Republican | Allen West | 115,411 | 54.3 | ||
| Democratic | Ron Klein (incumbent) | 97,051 | 45.7 | ||
| 2012 18th Congressional District of Florida Elections | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Democratic | Patrick Murphy | 166,799 | 50.4 | ||
| Republican | Allen West (incumbent) | 164,370 | 49.6 | ||
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