Friday, 27 May 2016

BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY - AFRO-BRITISH " BARONESS SCOTLAND OF ASTHAL PC QC " IS A BRITISH BARRISTER AND JURIST, WHO SERVED IN MANY MINISTERIAL POSITIONS WITHIN THE U.K. GOVERNMENT MOST NOTABLY AS THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR ENGLAND AND WALES AND ADVOCATE GENERAL FOR NORTHERN IRELAND - GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK HEROES "

BLACK     SOCIAL      HISTORY                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal
Her Excellency The Right Honourable
The Baroness Scotland of Asthal
PC QC
PatriciaScotland2a.jpg
6th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 April 2016
Monarch Elizabeth II
Preceded by Kamalesh Sharma
Shadow Attorney General
In office
11 May 2010 – 7 October 2011
Leader Harriet Harman (Acting)
Ed Miliband
Preceded by Edward Garnier
Succeeded by Emily Thornberry
Attorney General for England and Wales
In office
28 June 2007 – 11 May 2010
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Preceded by The Lord Goldsmith
Succeeded by Dominic Grieve
Advocate General for Northern Ireland
In office
12 April 2010 – 11 May 2010
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Dominic Grieve
Attorney General for Northern Ireland
In office
28 June 2007 – 12 April 2010
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Preceded by The Lord Goldsmith
Succeeded by John Larkin
Personal details
Born 19 August 1955 (age 60)
Dominica
Political party Labour
Alma mater Anglia Ruskin University
University College London
Middle Temple
Religion Roman Catholicism

Patricia Scotland speaking at the Royal Courts of Justice before LGBT History Month (2007)
Patricia Janet Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal, PC, QC (born 19 August 1955) is a British barrister and jurist, who served in many ministerial positions within the UK Government, most notably as the Attorney General for England and Wales and Advocate General for Northern Ireland. At the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting she was elected the 6th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations and took office on April 1, 2016. She is the first woman to hold the post.[1] She is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Dominica.[2]

Contents 
1 Early life and career
2 British government posts
2.1 Attorney General
3 Local government
4 Commonwealth Secretary-General
5 Charitable work
6 Awards
7 Public speaking
8 NatWest Three
9 Illegal immigrant employment conviction
10 Personal life
Early life and career
Scotland was born in Dominica, the tenth child of twelve born to Roman Catholic parents[3] a Dominican mother and Antiguan father.[4] Her family moved to Walthamstow when she was two years old, where she attended the Walthamstow School for Girls. She then went on to Mid Essex Technical College in Chelmsford, where she pursued a London University (LLB) law degree in 1976 (in association with University College London). She was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1977, specialising in family and children's law, and also called to the Dominican bar in 1978.[5]

In 1991, Scotland became the first black woman to be appointed a Queen's Counsel. She later founded 1 Gray's Inn Square barristers chambers.[6] Early in 1997, she was elected as a Bencher of the Middle Temple. Scotland was named as a Millennium Commissioner on 17 February 1994, and was a member of the Commission for Racial Equality. She received a life peerage on a Labour Party list of working peers and was created Baroness Scotland of Asthal, of Asthal in the County of Oxfordshire on 30 October 1997.[7]

From March 2015 to March 2016, Baroness Scotland served as senior advisor to Ron Wahid, Chairman of Arcanum, a subsidiary of Magellan Investment Holdings, Limited. She stepped down in order to assume the role of Secretary-General of the Commonwealth.[8]

British government posts[edit]
From 1999 to 2001 Baroness Scotland was the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, where she was inter alia responsible for the UK Government's diplomatic relations with North America, the Caribbean, Overseas Territories, Consular Division, British Council, administration and all Parliamentary business in the House of Lords. Baroness Scotland notably introduced the International Criminal Court Bill which sought to ratify the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court into UK law. She established the Pro Bono Lawyers Panel, a panel of British-based lawyers who provided legal advice on a pro bono basis to United Kingdom nationals imprisoned in foreign countries. She created an Overseas Territories Council for the Caribbean and reformed and restructured the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's Consular Division to be able to respond more effectively to emergencies and disasters abroad such as the 11 September attacks.

In 2001 she became Parliamentary Secretary, Lord Chancellor's Department, and was made a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. She was the minister responsible for civil justice and the reform of civil law including the comprehensive reform of land registration leading to the Land Registration Act 2002. She was also responsible for international affairs at the Lord Chancellor's Department and was appointed by Prime Minister Tony Blair as the UK Alternate Representative to the European Convention[9] and was given primary responsibility for the negotiations in relation to the Charter of Rights which were successfully concluded in 2003. During this period she consolidated the strong relations created with all the applicant countries through the FAHR programme and the member states and was subsequently awarded the Polish Medal for her contribution to the reform and development of Law in Poland.

Baroness Scotland was a contender for a cabinet position in 2003, when Prime Minister Blair reportedly considered appointing her Leader of the House of Lords.[10]

In 2003 Baroness Scotland was made Minister of State for the Criminal Justice System and Law Reform at the Home Office and deputy to the Home Secretary. She served in that post until 2007 under three Home Secretaries: David Blunkett, Charles Clarke and John Reid. While at the Home Office she was responsible for major reform of the criminal justice system. She created the Office of Criminal Justice Reform[11] which helped to create and support the National Criminal Justice Board and the Local Criminal Justice Board. Having acted as Chair, she then created three Alliances to reduce re-offending (Corporate, Civic and Faith based Alliance) and the Corporate Alliance against Domestic Violence.[12] She created an advisory group on victims and the Criminal Justice Centre, Victims and Witness units.

Baroness Scotland created Inside Justice Week[13] and the Justice Awards. She introduced the Crime and Victims Act which created new offence of familial homicide which was successfully used to prosecute the killers of Baby P who would otherwise have escaped responsibility for his death. By 2009, domestic violence in the UK had been reduced by 64%.[14] The domestic violence homicide rate had been significantly reduced and crime was at its lowest since 1991.

Baroness Scotland continued her responsibility for international affairs at the Home Office and continued to represent the UK in a number of international negotiations such as those relating to extradition.

In 2004 Baroness Scotland was considered to be a possible candidate to become a commissioner of the European Union.

In November 2012, she was appointed Prime Ministerial Trade Envoy to South Africa.[15]

Attorney General
On 28 June 2007 Baroness Scotland was appointed Attorney General by Prime Minister Gordon Brown.[6] She was the first woman to hold the office since its foundation in 1315. As Attorney General she was the Chief legal adviser to: Her Majesty The Queen, Parliament and the Government, Supervisor and Superintendent of the Prosecutorial Authorities (SFO,CPS, RCPO), Leader of the Bar and had non-statutory oversight of the prosecutors in government departments, the Treasury Solicitors Department and armed services prosecuting authority. She was Guardian of the Rule of Law and Public Interest. She was one of the three Cabinet Ministers responsible for the criminal justice system and had specific responsibility for fraud policy and the National Fraud Authority and chaired the Inter-Ministerial Group responsible for the improvement of the response to fraud and e-crime.

She was instrumental in creating the Quintet[16] that brought together the Attorneys General of USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand to consider issues of joint legal and systemic concern. During her time as Attorney General, Baroness Scotland continued to promote pro bono[17] work by lawyers and created an international and Schools Pro Bono Committee which was responsible for co-ordinating pro bono work. She created the Pro Bono Awards and Pro Bono Heroes. She also created an Attorney General's Youth Network.[18]

She was the last Attorney General for England and Wales also to be the Attorney General for Northern Ireland before the devolution of justice powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the subsequent appointment of a separate Attorney General for Northern Ireland. She became instead Advocate General for Northern Ireland, the UK government's chief advisor on Northern Ireland law, for a brief period until Labour left office.

When Labour left government on 11 May 2010, Baroness Scotland became the Shadow Attorney General and was reappointed to that role by Ed Miliband when he appointed his first Shadow Cabinet in October 2010, where she was instrumental in creating Labour's strategy against Rupert Murdoch.[19] She is currently a president of Chatham House.[20]

Local government
In December 2014 Baroness Scotland was elected as the Alderman for the ward of Bishopsgate in the City of London, having stood (in accordance with convention in the City) as an independent candidate.[21]

Commonwealth Secretary-General
At the 2015 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, Scotland was nominated for the position of Commonwealth Secretary-General by her native country of Dominica and defeated Antiguan diplomat Ronald Sanders, who was thought to have been the frontrunner for the position,[22] and former deputy secretary-general for political affairs Mmasekgoa Masire-Mwamba of Botswana to become the 6th Commonwealth Secretary-General and the first woman to hold the post. She began her first of a maximum of two possible four-year terms on 1 April 2016.[23][24]

Her candidacy had been opposed by Canada's former special envoy to the Commonwealth and Senator Hugh Segal who wrote in an editorial that she was not qualified for the position "for having accepted a well-paying brief from a junta in the Maldives to argue against the Commonwealth’s legitimacy when it and Canada sought the restoration of democracy in that country."[25][26]

Charitable work
Baroness Scotland is the Patron of the Corporate Alliance Against Domestic Violence.[27] She is the joint Patron of Missio,[28] a charity which is the Catholic Church's official support organisation for overseas mission.[29]

She is also a patron of Children and Families Across Borders (CFAB), a charity dedicated to reuniting children who have been separated from their families.[30]

Awards
Baroness Scotland has been voted Peer of the Year by Channel 4,[31] the House Magazine,[32] Parliamentarian of the Year by the Spectator[33] and the Political Studies Association,[34] and received a number of other awards for her contribution to law reform in the UK and abroad.

Baroness Scotland was awarded an Honorary Degree from the University of East London in 2005.[35] She was voted one of the 100 Great Black Britons.[36]

Baroness Scotland was decreed and invested by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, as a Dame of Merit with Star of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George in 2003. In 2014 she was appointed to the Council of the British and Irish Delegation of the Constantinian Order and promoted in rank to Dame Grand Cross of Merit.

On 1 January 2014 she was appointed chancellor of the University of Greenwich.[37]

Public speaking[edit]
In January 2010 Baroness Scotland gave the keynote address to the Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as part of the Lionel Cohen lecture series.[38] In September 2009 she gave the keynote speech of the 9th Stephen Lawrence Memorial Lecture.[39] In July 2009 she gave the keynote speech to the CPS Community Conference.[40] In May 2009 Scotland gave the keynote speech at the Law Society of Scotland Conference.[41] In February 2009 she gave the Magna Carta speech to Parliament House in Canberra, Australia.[42] In May 2008 she delivered the keynote speech at the National Mentoring Consortium.[43]

Scotland has given speeches to the Professional Organisation for Women in Antigua and Barbuda,[44] the Association of Turkish Women in Britain,[45] the Peace Alliance,[46] the Local Government Conference,[47] the Black Solicitors' Network,[48] the University of Sussex.[49] and the Medical Women's Federation.

She also spoke at the D.D. Kosambi Festival of Ideas at Goa in 2014.[50]

NatWest Three
A new extradition treaty with the United States of America had been signed on 31 March 2003. Scotland had the responsibility for promoting the necessary legislation in the House of Lords.[51] The "NatWest Three" extradition case made use of this treaty. The three men were British citizens, living in the UK and working for the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, a British bank. On 12 July 2006, in a highly unusual move, the Speaker of the House, Michael Martin, allowed an emergency debate on both the treaty and the NatWest Three after a request by Liberal Democrat frontbencher Nick Clegg.

During the debate, Scotland's view in 2005 that a higher threshold to establish "probable cause" was required by the UK to extradite from the US than vice versa was contrasted by Clegg to comments which the Prime Minister had made in July 2006, in which he stated that the evidential burdens on the two countries were the same.[52] The "NatWest Three" were subsequently extradited, and accepted a plea-bargain arrangement under which they pleaded guilty to a single count of wire fraud in the United States
Illegal immigrant employment conviction
In 2009 Scotland employed Lolo Tapui, an illegal immigrant. Tapui had been using a forged passport for the period up to and including December 2008. She began to employ Tapui in January 2009. Tapui was later jailed for eight months for fraud, possessing a false identity stamp, and overstaying her U.K. visa. At her trial Tapui admitted to having been paid £95,000 by the Daily Mail. She was later deported to native Tonga.[53]

Scotland had earlier been fined £5,000 for not keeping, as an employer, copies of documents used to check Tapui's immigration status, under rules Scotland helped draft as a Home Office minister. The investigation found that Scotland had not knowingly employed an illegal worker.[54]

Personal life[edit]
Scotland resides in London[55] and in Asthal, where she and her barrister husband live with their two sons.[56]

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