BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY
Ahmadu Bello
Sir
Ahmadu Bello
KBE
Ahmadu Bello.png
Premier of Northern Nigeria
In office
1954–1966
Succeeded by Hassan Katsina
Personal details
Born c. 1909
Rabbah, Sokoto State, Northern Nigeria.
Died January 15, 1966
Kaduna
Political party Northern People's Congress
Religion Islam
Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE (June 12, 1910 – January 15, 1966) was a Nigerian politician who was the first and only premier of the Northern Nigeria region. He also held the title of Sardauna of Sokoto. Bello and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa were major figures in Northern Nigeria pre-independence politics and both men played major roles in negotiations about the region's place in an independent Nigeria. As leader of the Northern People's Congress, he was a dominant personality in Nigerian politics throughout the early Nigerian Federation and the First Nigerian Republic.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Political beginnings
3 Premier
3.1 Economic policies
3.2 Education
3.3 Cabinet in 1959
4 Death
5 Personal life
6 Legacy
Early life
Bello was born in Rabah c. 1909 to the family of malam Ibrahim Bello, his father held the title of Sarkin Rabah.[1] He is a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, a great grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College, during his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah.[1] He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English master teacher in Sokoto Middle School
Political beginnings
In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Muazu, succeeding his brother; in 1938, he got a promotion as the Divisional Head of Gusau (now in present-day Zamfara State) and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Warlord) of Sokoto, an honorary title and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council, these titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration.[citation needed]
In the 1940s, he joined Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa which would later become the NPC in 1951. In 1948, he got a government scholarship and was off to England to study Local Government Administration which broadened his understanding and knowledge of governance. As 'successor-in-waiting' to the throne of the Sultan, he wore the turban. In 1943, a drama played out when he was thrown before the Sultan's court for misappropriating jangali (cattle) tax for the Gusau region where he was the Councillor.[citation needed]
After returning from Britain, he was nominated to represent the province of Sokoto in the regional House of Assembly. As a member of the assembly, he was a notable voice for northern interest and embraced a style of consultation and consensus with the major representatives of the northern emirates: Kano, Bornu and Sokoto. He was selected among with others as a memebr of a committee that redrafted the Richards Constitution and he also attended a general conference in Ibadan. His work at the assembly and in the constitution drafting committee brought him appreciation in the north and he was asked to take on leadership positions within Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa.[1] In the first elections held in Northern Nigeria in 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello won a seat in the Northern House of Assembly, and became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. Bello was successively minister of Works, of Local Government, and of Community Development in the Northern Region of Nigeria.[citation needed] In 1954, Bello became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria. In the 1959 independence elections, Bello led the NPC to win a plurality of the parliamentary seats. Bello's NPC forged an alliance with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons) to form Nigeria's first indigenous federal government which led to independence from Britain. In forming the 1960 independence federal government of the Nigeria, Bello as president of the NPC, chose to remain Premier of Northern Nigeria and devolved the position of Prime Minister of the Federation to the deputy president of the NPC, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Premier
Bello's leadership characteristics was a blend of religious, traditional and modern values and his obligation in colonial and post-independence Nigeria was performing these different roles in the northern region. [2] A major priority his was making sure the region was on equal politically and economically terms with the Western and Eastern regions, this contributed to the process of replacing both Southerners and Europeans in the Northern region's civil services with Northerners, a policy that received criticism from opposition leaers such as Ibrahim Imam.
Bello originally embraced the Indirect rule system of colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms. During his period of premiership, his biographer, John Paden described him as a progressive conservative, because he was an agent of change and also of the traditional elites.[2]
Economic policies
Different institutions were created under Bello, this included the Northern Nigeria Development Corporation (NNDC), Bank of the North and Northern Nigeria Investments Ltd (NNIL). NNDC was an holding company with capital sourced from the region's marketing board while NNIL was a partnership between the Commonwealth Development Corporation and NNDC created to assist in the industrial development in Northern Nigeria.
Education
Bello initiated plans to modernise traditional koranic education in Northern Nigeria, he set up a commission to look into to the effect and gave official recognition to the schools.[3] The commission recommended the introduction of secular subjects in the schools and creation of different classes for pupils.[4]
Part of his educational objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria,[2]
Cabinet in 1959
Members of cabinet of the Northern region [5]
Portfolio Minister Tenure
Premier Ahmadu Bello 1954-1966
Minister of Education Isa Kaita 1959
Minister of Finance Aliyu, Makaman Bida 1959
Minister of Agriculture Mustafa Monguno 1959
Minister of Social Welfare Michael Buba 1959
Minister of Health Ahman, Galadima Petegi 1959
Minister of Lands and Survey Ibrahim Musa Gashash 1959
Minister of Internal Affairs Usman, Galadiman Maska 1959
Minister of Trade Abba Habib 1959
Minister of Local Government Maikano Dutse 1959
Minister of Animal Health Abdullahi Jada 1959
Minister of Works George Ohikere 1959
Ministers without portfolio
Death
Bello was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a coup which toppled Nigeria's post-independence government. He was still serving as premier of Northern Nigeria at the time.
Personal life
Bello married three wives. His first wife was Hafsatu
Legacy
Bello's greatest legacy was the modernization and unification of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria.[citation needed]
The Ahmadu Bello University is named after him. His portrait adorns Nigeria's 200 naira note, and he is survived by three daughters, one of whom died in 2008.
Sir
Ahmadu Bello
KBE
Ahmadu Bello.png
Premier of Northern Nigeria
In office
1954–1966
Succeeded by Hassan Katsina
Personal details
Born c. 1909
Rabbah, Sokoto State, Northern Nigeria.
Died January 15, 1966
Kaduna
Political party Northern People's Congress
Religion Islam
Sir Ahmadu Bello KBE (June 12, 1910 – January 15, 1966) was a Nigerian politician who was the first and only premier of the Northern Nigeria region. He also held the title of Sardauna of Sokoto. Bello and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa were major figures in Northern Nigeria pre-independence politics and both men played major roles in negotiations about the region's place in an independent Nigeria. As leader of the Northern People's Congress, he was a dominant personality in Nigerian politics throughout the early Nigerian Federation and the First Nigerian Republic.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Political beginnings
3 Premier
3.1 Economic policies
3.2 Education
3.3 Cabinet in 1959
4 Death
5 Personal life
6 Legacy
Early life
Bello was born in Rabah c. 1909 to the family of malam Ibrahim Bello, his father held the title of Sarkin Rabah.[1] He is a descendant of Uthman dan Fodio, a great grandson of Sultan Muhammed Bello and a grandson of Sultan Atiku na Raba. He attended Sokoto Provincial School and the Katsina Training College, during his school days, he was known as Ahmadu Rabah.[1] He finished school in 1931 and subsequently became the English master teacher in Sokoto Middle School
Political beginnings
In 1934, Bello was made the District Head of Rabah by Sultan Hassan dan Muazu, succeeding his brother; in 1938, he got a promotion as the Divisional Head of Gusau (now in present-day Zamfara State) and became a member of the Sultan's council. In 1938, at the age of just 28, he made attempts to become the Sultan of Sokoto but was not successful, losing to Sir Siddiq Abubakar III who reigned for 50 years until his death in 1988. The new Sultan immediately made Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna (Warlord) of Sokoto, an honorary title and promoted him to the Sokoto Native Authority Council, these titles automatically made him the Chief Political Adviser to the Sultan. Later, he was put in charge of the Sokoto Province to oversee 47 districts and by 1944, he was back at the Sultan's Palace to work as the Chief Secretary of the State Native Administration.[citation needed]
In the 1940s, he joined Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa which would later become the NPC in 1951. In 1948, he got a government scholarship and was off to England to study Local Government Administration which broadened his understanding and knowledge of governance. As 'successor-in-waiting' to the throne of the Sultan, he wore the turban. In 1943, a drama played out when he was thrown before the Sultan's court for misappropriating jangali (cattle) tax for the Gusau region where he was the Councillor.[citation needed]
After returning from Britain, he was nominated to represent the province of Sokoto in the regional House of Assembly. As a member of the assembly, he was a notable voice for northern interest and embraced a style of consultation and consensus with the major representatives of the northern emirates: Kano, Bornu and Sokoto. He was selected among with others as a memebr of a committee that redrafted the Richards Constitution and he also attended a general conference in Ibadan. His work at the assembly and in the constitution drafting committee brought him appreciation in the north and he was asked to take on leadership positions within Jamiyya Mutanen Arewa.[1] In the first elections held in Northern Nigeria in 1952, Sir Ahmadu Bello won a seat in the Northern House of Assembly, and became a member of the regional executive council as minister of works. Bello was successively minister of Works, of Local Government, and of Community Development in the Northern Region of Nigeria.[citation needed] In 1954, Bello became the first Premier of Northern Nigeria. In the 1959 independence elections, Bello led the NPC to win a plurality of the parliamentary seats. Bello's NPC forged an alliance with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's NCNC (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons) to form Nigeria's first indigenous federal government which led to independence from Britain. In forming the 1960 independence federal government of the Nigeria, Bello as president of the NPC, chose to remain Premier of Northern Nigeria and devolved the position of Prime Minister of the Federation to the deputy president of the NPC, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Premier
Bello's leadership characteristics was a blend of religious, traditional and modern values and his obligation in colonial and post-independence Nigeria was performing these different roles in the northern region. [2] A major priority his was making sure the region was on equal politically and economically terms with the Western and Eastern regions, this contributed to the process of replacing both Southerners and Europeans in the Northern region's civil services with Northerners, a policy that received criticism from opposition leaers such as Ibrahim Imam.
Bello originally embraced the Indirect rule system of colonial Nigeria before gradually embracing reforms. During his period of premiership, his biographer, John Paden described him as a progressive conservative, because he was an agent of change and also of the traditional elites.[2]
Economic policies
Different institutions were created under Bello, this included the Northern Nigeria Development Corporation (NNDC), Bank of the North and Northern Nigeria Investments Ltd (NNIL). NNDC was an holding company with capital sourced from the region's marketing board while NNIL was a partnership between the Commonwealth Development Corporation and NNDC created to assist in the industrial development in Northern Nigeria.
Education
Bello initiated plans to modernise traditional koranic education in Northern Nigeria, he set up a commission to look into to the effect and gave official recognition to the schools.[3] The commission recommended the introduction of secular subjects in the schools and creation of different classes for pupils.[4]
Part of his educational objectives was building a school in each province in Northern Nigeria,[2]
Cabinet in 1959
Members of cabinet of the Northern region [5]
Portfolio Minister Tenure
Premier Ahmadu Bello 1954-1966
Minister of Education Isa Kaita 1959
Minister of Finance Aliyu, Makaman Bida 1959
Minister of Agriculture Mustafa Monguno 1959
Minister of Social Welfare Michael Buba 1959
Minister of Health Ahman, Galadima Petegi 1959
Minister of Lands and Survey Ibrahim Musa Gashash 1959
Minister of Internal Affairs Usman, Galadiman Maska 1959
Minister of Trade Abba Habib 1959
Minister of Local Government Maikano Dutse 1959
Minister of Animal Health Abdullahi Jada 1959
Minister of Works George Ohikere 1959
Ministers without portfolio
Death
Bello was assassinated on 15 January 1966 in a coup which toppled Nigeria's post-independence government. He was still serving as premier of Northern Nigeria at the time.
Personal life
Bello married three wives. His first wife was Hafsatu
Legacy
Bello's greatest legacy was the modernization and unification of the diverse people of Northern Nigeria.[citation needed]
The Ahmadu Bello University is named after him. His portrait adorns Nigeria's 200 naira note, and he is survived by three daughters, one of whom died in 2008.
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