BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY Benjamin Arthur Quarles
                               | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 23, 1904 Boston, Massachusetts |
| Died | November 16, 1996 Baltimore, Maryland |
| Occupation | history professor |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | African American |
| Education | B.A., M.A., PhD |
| Alma mater | Shaw University University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| Notable works | The Negro in the Making of America |
| Notable awards | Rosenwald Fellowship (1938, 1945), Carnegie Corporation Advancement Teaching Fellowship (1944), Social Science Research Council Fellowship (1957), Guggenheim Fellowship (1959), Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History Lifetime Achievement Award(1996) |
| Spouse | Ruth Brett |
Benjamin Arthur Quarles (January 23, 1904 – November 16, 1996) was an African-American historian, administrator, scholar, educator, and writer. Major books by Quarles include The Negro in the American Revolution (1961), Lincoln and the Negro (1962),The Negro in the Civil War (1968), and Black Abolitionists (1969). He demonstrated that blacks were active participants in major conflicts and issues of American history. His books were narrative accounts of critical wartime periods that focused on how blacks interacted with their white allies and emphasized blacks' acting as vital agents of change rather than receiving favors from whites.[1]
Background
Quarles was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father Arthur Benedict Quarles was a subway porter and his mother was Margaret O'Brien.[2] The boy went to local public schools.
Benjamin Quarles married Vera Bullock, who died in 1951. A year later in 1952, he married Ruth Brett. They had two daughters, Pamela and Roberta.
In his twenties, Quarles enrolled at Shaw University, a historically black college in Raleigh, North Carolina, and received his B.A. degree in 1931. He earned his M.A. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1933, and Ph.D. from there in 1940. Initially he faced resistance for wanting to write black history but finally received support for his goal. He learned his writing style from Professor William Hesseltine.[3]
He returned to Shaw, working as an instructor of history (1935–39); then he went to Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana(1939–1953), where he became a full professor and served as dean; and last, he served as professor of history and chair of department at Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland (1953–1974). At Morgan, Quarles reached near-legendary status as the long-time head of the History Department, a revered teacher and counselor, an intellectual and professional mentor for two generations of African-American scholars. Many of his books were required reading in the African-American history courses that were developed in American universities during the 1960s with the civil rights movement and increasing interest in the history of minorities and women. After his official retirement in 1969, he was awarded professor emeritus status and kept teaching for several years.
Quarles was an active member of many political and historical organizations, such as Project Advisory Committee on Black Congress Members, the committee to oversee the founding of the Amistad Center at Tulane University, the Department of the Army Historical Advisory Committee, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He was one of the few men in the profession who openly supported the founding of the Association of Black Women Historians.
Author
A prolific writer, Benjamin Quarles published ten books, 23 articles, and hundreds of shorter pieces of various sorts. In his writings, he focused on giving detailed attention to the contributions made by the black soldiers and abolitionists of the American Revolution and the Civil War. His writings include:
- Frederick Douglass (1948) (published dissertation)
- The Negro in the Civil War (1953)
- The Negro in the American Revolution (1961)
- Lincoln and the Negro (1962)
- The Negro in the Making of America (1964)
- Fredrick Douglass (1968)
- The Negro in the Civil War (1968)
- Black Abolitionists (1969)
- Allies for Freedom (1974)
- Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography (1988)
- Moorg Against Tide & Patterns (Great Lives Observed) (2005)[4]
- Blacks on John Brown[5]
Legacy and honors
Quarles died in 1996 of a heart attack at the age of 92.
- 1988 Publishes Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and Historiography. Received American Historical Association's Senior Historian Scholarly Distinction Award.
- 1988 Morgan State University dedicated The Benjamin A. Quarles African-American Studies Room in the school library as a repository for his books, manuscripts, and memorabilia.
- 1996 Receives the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History
Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2013, he was inducted into the Great Blacks in Wax Museum, Inc. in Baltimore.
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