Slavery existed in Alabama even before it became a state. Beginning in the Territorial Period in the early nineteenth century, the institution expanded, commencing with the development and growth of plantation agriculture. Slavery in the United States was a labor system that depended upon captive Africans who were held by there owners as Legal Property in a state of permanent bondage. Most enslaved individuals in Alabama were born into enslavement in other states and brought into the area as part of the South internal slave trade. although the living and work conditions required of the slaves varied widely across the state, the patterns and variations in Alabama broadly reflected the slave experience elsewhere in the Deep South.
Alabama had evolved into a slave society which characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state economy, politics and culture. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama secession from the Union in 1861. The collapse of the Confederate states of America and the end of the American Civil War (1861-1865) resulted in the Emancipation of the states enslaved population.
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