BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY : AFRICAN AMERICAN " JOHN WESLEY GILBERT " WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST, THE FIRST GRADUATE OF PAINE COLLEGE,THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PROFESSOR OF THAT SCHOOL AND THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO RECEIVE A MASTER;S DEGREE FROM BROWN UNIVERSITY : GOES INTO THE " HALL OF BLACK GENIUS "

  BLACK            SOCIAL           HISTORY                                                                                                                                           John Wesley Gilbert

John Wesley Gilbert
Born	July 6, 1864 Hephzibah, Georgia
Died	November 19, 1923
Education	A.B, A.M, Brown University
Occupation	Professor at Paine College,President of Miles College, Archaeologist
Spouse(s)	Osceola Pleasant Gilbert (married 1889[1])
Children	4

John Wesley Gilbert (July 6, 1864 – November 19, 1923) was the first African-American archaeologist, the first graduate of Paine College, the first African-American professor of that school, and the first African-American to receive a master's degree from Brown University.^[2][3]

Early life

Born to slaves in Hephzibah, Georgia on July 6, 1864,^[1] Gilbert split time between grammar school and doing manual labor.^[4] After finishing public school, he enrolled in the Atlanta Baptist Seminary.^[1] In 1884, he enrolled in the newly opened Paine Institute (later known as Paine College).^[1] In 1886, he was given financial assistance in order to transfer into the junior class of Brown University.^[5]

Student and educator

While at Brown, he received a scholarship to attend the American School of Classics in Athens, Greece.^[6] He was the first African American to attend that school, and remained the only one to have through 1901.^[4] During his time, he was bestowed an award for "excellence" in Greek.^[4] He was there from 1890-1891 and conducted archaeological excavations on Eretria with Professor John Pickard. After his work there, he produced the first map of Ancient Eretria.^[1]

He received his bachelor's degree from Brown in 1888.^[7] In 1891, he became the first African American to receive a master's degreefrom Brown after the completion of this thesis, "The Demes of Attica."^[1][8] In 1891, he returned to Augusta, Georgia and began to teach the Greek language and English at his former school, Paine College. In 1913, he was appointed the president of Miles College. He served in that post for one year before returning to Paine College.^[6][9] He died on November 19, 1923.^[9]

Influence and recognition

He is said to have influenced another prominent African American from Augusta, John Hope, the first black president of Morehouse College and one of the founding members of the Niagara Movement.^[10]

In 1941, the city of Augusta built a low-income housing complex across the street from Paine College.^[3] In honor of Gilbert, the complex was named Gilbert Manor. The housing was closed in 2008 in order to make room for expansion of the Medical College of Georgia.^[11]

Personal life[edit]

In 1889, he married Osceola K. Pleasant, a graduate of Fisk University and Paine College. Together, they had four children.^[12]