BLACK SOCIAL HISTORY Eduardo Mondlane Chivambo was born June 20, 1920 in the village of Nwadjahane Mandlakazi district, Gaza province. His father, Nwadjahane Mussengane Mondlane, was part of the local traditional leadership structure. Having lost his father at age two, Eduardo Mondlane Chivambo spent his early childhood under the care of his mother, Makungu Muzumasse Mbembele, and two other widows of his father.
It Is Believed That education was Given by these women who developed Eduardo Mondlane in the spirit of revolt against colonialism and served the inspiration for the Which was interested in Western culture. In his autobiography, Mondlane considers his mother as "woman of great character and intelligence . "
"My real interest in the kind of Western education was encouraged by my mother, who insisted that I go to school to understand the sorcery of the white man, so he could fight him.My mother told me this so many times that although he died when I was only 13, I can still hear his voice echoing in my ears, "says Eduardo Mondlane in his autobiography.
The first years of Eduardo Mondlane were markedly from a rural life. He, along with other children his age, was pastor of cattle, goats and sheep. Its first phase literacy begins in the home of a member of the Swiss Mission (which from 1948 began to call themselves Presbyterian Church) and was the Tsonga language.
After completing the 3rd elementary class, Eduardo Mondlane faced all kinds of difficulties that one African found to enter the general education, this because the colonial government had created a system of separate education, being the official for whites and assimilated and rudimentary for Africans.
Given these barriers, Eduardo Mondlane had to go attend a farm for two years, in Khambine, a Methodist mission based in Inhambane.
There is no possibility of entering the high school and always with the help of Mission Switzerland, went to South Africa in 1944 to continue his studies. After finishing high school in 1946, entered the School of Social Work Jan H. Hofmeyer, Johannesburg, in 1947. The following year he entered the University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Social Sciences.
While in South Africa as a student participated in local youth associations even aware of the risks that could run.
"So when colleagues from Wits asked to participate in the protests against the growing system of" apartheid "he replied that he wanted to get involved. Insisted as he ended up giving his support and finally was elected student body representative of an important meeting of South African university students. Because of this, he was expelled from South Africa as "Native Alien" in accordance wrote Janet Mondlane, widow of Eduardo Mondlane in the book "Fighting for Mozambique".
After returning to Mozambique actively participated in the formation of the Center for African Secondary Students of Mozambique (NESAM), which cost him prison by PIDE, for three days.
In 1950, Eduardo Mondlane goes to Portugal to continue their studies through a scholarship that had been offered by a humanitarian organization based in New York. His stay in lusas lands did not last long because I was always under the supervision of the PIDE. In 1951 goes to the United States. In 1956 he had already completed her PhD in Anthropology and Sociology. In 1957 he was invited to work at the United Nations (UN) as a researcher. Was assigned to the Division of Territories under mandate of supranational organization, namely Tanzania, Namibia and Cameroon.
As UN official met many African nationalist figures with whom he had much sympathy, among which stands out the former President of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere. Years after joining the UN was also invited to teach at the American University of Syracuse.
THE FIRST STEPS FOR THE FORMATION OF FRELIMO
One of the most remarkable in the life of Eduardo Mondlane moments was his decision to leave all facilities that had the United States as top UN official and later as a university professor to engage in the struggle for national liberation.
Eduardo Mondlane was leading to the union of the three liberation movements, including UDENAMO, UNAMI and MANU in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. A delegation comprising members of UDENAMO, where militant movement Marcelino dos Santos, was sent to the United States to contact a Mozambican (Eduardo Mondlane) UN official.
When he decided to come back and help the unification of those three movements, Eduardo Mondlane faced many difficulties. Tribalism was stronger than the desire for freedom. But the insight of Eduardo Mondlane made the three movements unite to form the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO). FRELIMO was founded on June 25, 1962 in Tanzania and Eduardo Mondlane was elected its chairman.
The Liberation Front of Mozambique under the leadership of Eduardo Mondlane defined as the enemy and not the Portuguese colonialism Portuguese people. The armed struggle was seen as the only alternative given the refusal of the colonial authorities to grant independence peacefully to landowners. The September 25, 1964 begins the struggle for national liberation towards the overthrow of colonial domination.
Eduardo Mondlane was assassinated Chivambo the February 3, 1969, in Tanzania. In 1976, the date was consecrated Heroes Day by the late Mozambican president Samora Machel.
POPULARIZING ESTATE OF EDUARDO MONDLANE
Maputo, Wednesday, February 3, 2010 News
The legacy of Eduardo Mondlane Chivambo, comprising, inter alia, reports on their days of childhood, youth, academic life and especially his vision of Portuguese colonialism and the need of man and earth be free to build a society based on the values social justice should be popularized and shared between all institutions, be they family or state and civic character.
This idea was advocated during the last year of the second scientific and technological shifts of Mozambique by intellectuals from different areas of knowledge. The Eduardo Mondlane University, the main and largest in the country, through its Department of History, will assume a greater role in this process, while it should be in charge of establishing partnerships with universities where he taught architect of national unity in the United States of America.
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